this text was translate from Romanian to English, by Google motor....; sorry for some mistake
best england.docx
03 Phelps Stroke CountI found this address on the BBC News portal and I decided to introduce myself to you a new concept, practice their swimming sports, targeting the improvement of swimming technique of the 4 procedures sport.
This new approach [see attach] aims at preparing the children especially beginners and veterans but that they can be found in the competitions 'Masters'.
Perhaps I, now - at 75 years, are nostalgic and try to find your point of view in a direction that took me a long time in my life coach [in fact I was and swimming, for example. : - in 1954 at Rostock, former DDR, I was able to swim 100m in 1.06,10 dolphin, this performance, then I stand between the world's top 10 swimmers ....].
I hope you will be offered a different approach to acquiring efficiency in swimming, this efficiency is the goal after all we call each of us swimmers ....
yours,
Prof. Mircea Olaru, Bucharest, 25 09.2011
Bucuresti, Romania ++40722476223
www.gunselgunsel.com/mircea.olaru.htmbest england
Testarea Eficientei Biomecanice la Inot
the acronym of the title in English was ’BEST’ and I have adopted this name ’The BEST Concept’
( Biomechanical Efficiency Swimming Test )
================================================
Autor – prof. Mircea Olaru, ph.ed., 2011=75 old, Buc. 2008 scanave@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT:
The need to test the efficiency of the swimmer’s movements was generated by the endeavour (1970-1980) of our coaches to find the most appropriate methodical way ın order to form young swimmers, an endeavour which started from these undoubted facts:
1. the spectacular rising of “wonder children” because of the speculations upon the “early specialization” and forced training, especially at swimming.
2. the usage of a selection base strictly on de facto performance, without taking into consideration the future modifications of the biological motor and functional balance.
3. the early rejection from the selection arena of other children and the massive loss of new elements.
4. the deviation from the performance prognosis of “wonder children” when they became adults. The deviation was negative – “wonder children” did not confirm!
Evidently, between 1970-80 it has been worked in “detriment” and some of the coaches even asked that children swimming training should contain “beauty” contest, something hard to be accepted.
As a federal coach (1982) I have tried to redirect the methodological content of children training:
I wanted a greater mass of children to be interested in sports swimming,
I wanted them to swim in the most correct way,
I wanted all these without forcing them;
By time, this new concept came up.
As any new concept, it was not accepted (it is not accepted even now..) by most of the coaches. The ones who supported it where doing this by subjective reasons, with sympathy, without being aware that when something new has to be applied it is needed an appropriate level of professionalism and especially a special hard work.
At a special moment, apart from the beauty contests proposed by the coaches, I start looking for objective, mathematical information; in everyone’s conscience the chronometer is an undoubted source of information; but performance has some other elements too: tempo, technique and organism function, etc.
From all of these the easiest to control is the tempo, that is the number of movements per space or time unit. With these 2 elements (chronometer and tempo) one could have done larger evaluations, because you can not win with a hard (+ tiring) tempo and when the ones with moderate tempos won, this was reached by a perfect technique. This is why they were efficient!
Slow tempo/high speed – this is what we need for a future athlete
Under these circumstances a new concept has shown up and by time it got bigger (it is applicable not only to beginners but to other categories also, especially “Masters”) and because the acronym of the title in English was BEST I have adopted this name BEST Concept ( Biomechanical Efficiency Swimming Test )
Definiţii BEST, Les Definitions du BEST, The BEST Definitions, Der BEST – Definitionen
!/. Tehnica corecta inseamna eficienta de miscare in apa… “testarea eficientei biomecanice la inot”(best) se calculeaza astfel: adun ‘timpul’(‘t’) cu ‘vaslirile’(‘v’) suma lor o scad dintr-o valoare constanta (‘k’)(aleasa aleator = ‘100’) + indicele personal de alunecare (ipa). adica - { 100+ipa } – { timp + vasliri } = ...... p.best
1. La tehnique corecte de la nage implique l’efficience du mouvement dans l’eau.
’’Tester l’efficience / l’efficacite biomecanique dans l’eau’’ [ The Biomechanical Efficiency Swimming Test – B.E.S.T. ....] ce calcule comme suit:
- aditioner le temps (’T’) au les mouvement (par 50m) (’M’), la somme se deduit d’une valeur constante (’K’)[choisie aleatoire, par ex. = 100 point] + l’Indice Personel de Glisse (I.P.G.) c’este a dire, la formule:
[100 + IPG ] – [ ’T’ + ’M’] = ...
offre le meilleur resultat, (points BEST).
1/The corect swim-technique means the efficiency of the movements in the water; it can be calculated by this way: add the number of the seconds and the number of the stroke-cicles (by 50m) and this sume will be extracted from the other constant sume provided from adition of the one constant value (K) (100) plus the Index of the personal Gliding (IPG)
!/. *Die korrekte Technik setzt eine effiziente Fortbewegung im Wasser voraus...”Testen der biomechanischen Effizienz beim Schwimmen” (best)
Diese wird wie folgt berechnet: wir addieren die zwei Werte (Zeit und Züge); die Summe wird aus einer Konstante „k” abgezogen ( „k” wird per Zufall ausgewählt = „100”) + persönlicher Gleitindex (pgi). D.h. – { 100+pgi } – { Zeit + Züge } =....... p.best
2/ Obiectivitatea conceptului si a formulei ‘b.e.s.t.’ rezida din urmatoarea logica: ‘adun doua marimi, (timpul / ’t’ + vaslirile / ’v’) care au sens descrescator, - dupa care, le scad din constanta {‘100’ + ‘ipa’} si obtin (facil + repede / mental way ...) valoarea prestatiei in apa’
2. La logique du BEST et son objectivite:
J’additionne deux valeurs, deux quantites , le temps T. et le mouvement M. (des cicles de bras – pour Libre et pour le Dos 2 bras alternative, pour Brasse et pour Papillon une cicle concomitente, seulmant), les valeur qui ont un sens (desirable...!) decroissants et apres je deduis de la valeur constante (anterieur calcule) [ ’100 + IPG’] et j’obtiens (tres facile et vite / by mental way...) la valeur de la prestation dans l’eau.
2/The objectivity of the ‘best formula’ results from this new exercise of logic: ‘we add two value (time+stroke), this values have their sense descendent (!)…, and, after we substrate this sum from one constant value (accidentally (k) = 100 + ipg points)’.
in this mod we can obtain (very easy, by mental way) the supreme value of the swimming efficiency.
2/ Die Objektivität des Konzeptes und der Formel „b.e.s.t.” baut auf die folgende Logik auf: „ wir addieren zwei Gröβen, (Zeit + Züge), die einen absteigenden Sinn verzeichnen. Diese werden nachher von der Konstante { „100” + „pgi”} abgezogen. Das Ergebnis (einfach + schnell / mental way...) stellt den Wert der Leistung im Wasser dar.
3/“indicele personal de alunecare” (i.p.a. / este ca un kard-annual) ‘L.’ + (k) – (kgr. + Q), in care - ‘L.’ = lungimea maxima a corpului / pluta ‚(k)’= o constantă cu valoare 100 puncte ‘Kgr.’ = greutatea in kilograme / + ‘Q.’ = diametrul/cm. subaxilar in expiratie profunda – the “index of personal gliding “ (i.p.g.)
3. L’indice de la Glisse dans l’eau (IPG) este une valeur constante, comme un card banquare, qui le calcule annuellement:
’L.’ + (encore une ’K’ de 100 points, aleatoire...!) la somme se deduit d’une autre somme resulte par addition de ’Kgr.’ + ’Q.’, c’est a dire:
[ L. + (K) ] – [ Kgr. + Q ] =
la valeur anuelle plus constante de IPG en points....
’L.’ – longuer maximale du corp entierre
(la possision fondamentale de nage - planche de flotation du corp sur le ventre ou sur le dos verrifie sur terrre);
(k) – une ciffre constante, aleatoire, d’une valeur de 100 points;
’Kgr.’ - Kilogrames du corp, sur terre;
’Q.’ – le diametre en cm. de la cage thoracique en expir profonde, et le resultat de cette formule que l’on nomme – Indice Personel de Glisse (IPG) dans l’eau, avec ses point et d’une valeur constante, annuelle.
3/The index personal of gliding (ipg) is lake a ‘credit card’ (the validity is minimum one year): with this ipg we can organize the series of the race in perfect ‘faire-play’ (indifferent of the sex or age) the competitors with same or appropriate values will be introduce in the same series …the periodical calcul of this ipg formula is found with regarding to the hydrodynamics principle (reynolds+froude),
so: ‘’from the value of the maximum longer of the body (ventral float position)(L.) / in additions with another accidentally value constant (k=100), we will substrate the sum of the nr. of kgr. (weight) with the Q. (nr. of cm. of the circumference of the upper thorax in deep expiration). ‘L.’+(k) – ( ‘kgr.’ + ‘q.’)
3/ „Der persönliche Gleitindex” (p.g.i./ ist wie eine Kreditkarte, die 1 Jahr gültig ist (kard-annual)). „L” = die maximale Körperlänge / ventral float position; „k” = eine Konstante mit dem Wert von 100 Punkten; „kgr” = das Gewicht in Kilogramm / + „Q” = Durchmesser/cm des oberen Brustkorbabschnittes bei tiefer Ausatmung
4/ aplicabilitatea ‘annual kard-(ului)’(ipg – index of personal gliding ), indiferent de sex si chiar de varsta subiectilor…, este data de faptul ca criteriile alese, pentru folosirea sa ca instrument de departajare / organizare a intrecerilor de inot sportiv , sunt cele induse in selectia naturala:
# cu cat un corp este mai lung (l.),
# cu cat un corp este mai usor, (gr.)
# cu cat un corp este mai ingust (q.)
cu atat mai eficient pluteste, aluneca sau inainteaza !
4. L’application (calculation) annuelle du kard IPG –non peliee du sex, genne, et de l’age du suject (!), sont donnes comme une unique critere pour departager / organiser les eventuellle competitions (des series avec une real ’fraire-play’) de concurs de ’excelence tehnique de nage’ par 50m, car ce sont les criteres induits par la selection naturelle:
- plus que le corp est long .....
- plus que le corp est leger....
- plus que le corp est etroit ....
cet corp peut glisse et avance plus bien, plus efficace !
4/The valability of the index personal of gliding (ipg) results from that – all criteria selected to make the series for the challenge was selected from the normal natural selection:
when the longer of the body is big…
when the weight of the body is light...
when the frontal section of the body is small
the float, the gliding and the swimming speed will be more efficiency to advance better with one correct technique !
4/ Die Gültigkeit des „kard-annual” (pgi – persönlicher Gleitindex), unabhängig von Geschlecht oder Alter der Angewiesenen..., ist darauf zurückzuführen: die Kriterien, die ausgewählt wurden, um zu bestimmen, inwiefern die „annual kard” als Instrument zur Unterscheidung von Leistungen oder Veranstaltung von Schwimm-Wettkämpfen verwendet werden kann, gehen auf die natürliche Auswahl zurück:
je länger ein Körper ist (l.),
je leichter ein Körper ist (kgr),
je schmaler ein Körper ist (q.),
desto effizienter wird er schwimmen, gleiten oder sich im Wasser fortbewegen.
****** Numararea ciclurilor de vaslire se poate face in mod liber (vizual) sau cu un ‘counter’ mecanic / electronic (?!) care sa simplifice contabilizarea mentala si deci a unor eventuale erori (variante).
formula BEST = the Biomechanical Efficiency Swimm Test, presupune ca un inotator poate demonstra ca are o tehnica eficienta, buna daca poate inota o distanta data in cat mai putine secunde cu cat mai putine vasliri.... vezi 'festina lente'.
Se pot organiza asemenea competitii pe distanta de 50m, mai ales pt cei neantrenati sau incepatori si care in felul acesta testeaza pe viu cat de bine stiu a inota... drumul spre marile performante incepe de aici; la Masters este si mai indicat = ei nu mai pot inota distantele mari din concursurile clasice dar pot demonstra ca inoata bine procedand asa cum ii indeamna 'the BEST formula', la Masters este nevoie si de o egalizare cat mai apropiata a valorilori IPA, adica a valorilor Indicelui Personal de Alunecare [din lungimea totala a corpului asezat in pozitia dorsala intinsa si scade suma Nr. Kg. si Nr. Cm. a circumferintei sub-axilare = L-(Kg+Cm), valorile apropiate pot face obiectul alcatuirii seriilor perfect echilibrate, astfel concurentii se vor intrece de la egal la egal dpdv biofizic, constitutional.
Conceptul acesta a fost exprimat , pt prima data in 1983, in Rev. EFS/3 si poarta semnatura lui.... Mircea Olaru; evolutia inotului a aratat ca si alti renumiti antrenori independent de anul si continutul conceptului BEST, au ajuns la acelas mod de gandire [E.Hines, Dick Hannula, E. Maglischio] iar unul dintre acesti, Bob Bowman, antrenorul celui mai renumit inotator al tuturor timpurilor M.Phelps, gandeste aproximativ la fel ca subsemnatul, evident dupa multi ani de la prima formulare a acestui concept si, tot asa, evident, fara a sti ds. acest concept; deci se poate admite a fi adecvat proverbul nostru stravechi, adaptat la aceasta situatie : ' cand 2 iti spun ca esti beat, du-te si te culca'... dar experienta in inventica spune' este mai simplu sa gasesti o ideie stralucita si este infinit mai greu s-o pui in practica...., ceea ce se confirma si la acest BEST...., pacat
- Mircea Potter Olaru deci si cel mai mare antenor al tuturor timpurilor, recomanda ca numarul de vasliri sa fie mai mic decat numarul de secunde.... deh7 iulie la 12:41 ·
’HISTORY’ of the “BEST” Concept.....
During 1970 - 1980 years, in Romania, the sporting swim preparing the children had been an inspired copy from the adults swimming preparing . False!
In this way more children generations, beginners in sporting swim, had been obliged to swim ‘forced’ and when they grown up, only a few number of children that had power to become a “true” swimmer had obtained week results at international level. This cheating aspect of the early vocation is beginning with the performances at small ages, performances that subsequent are under the expectations. …
Many years “the fight” between the coaches continued being, each of the ‘arbiters team’ having their achievements and overstatements; on various occasions part of the coaches support the idea to organize “the technical beauty contests”, on short distance (50m) where to be pointed the correct swim motions. Taking into consideration the philosophic theory that all knowledge is subjective and relative, never objective, this project was unfortunately rejected
In my mind of “the national head coach” this idea is a going on course; it had to be solved by taking away the subjectivism …. And it came that moment when everything it goes itself.
My idea was very simple: I take into consideration other elements of the swimming contest. Besides the timing it has to be underline the performance –that means the number of rowing arms. From a logical point of view it’s high-efficiency to do less motions in water. And so you will obtain a high speed.
In conclusion adding the seconds number and the rowing motions number it will obtain an authentic score – the both value have a decreased sense for a better achievement… It happened during 1980 – 1981 years when I had the good idea to publish this new concept. It was rudimentary but extremely simple to follow and it has been solved “ something”…
In these controversial and full of hesitation conditions, in 1985, I was “friendly” asked to resign from the ‘national head coach’ ( I was not member of communist party …); the years went on (1989 …) and it appears the opportunity to find a contract, as a swim coach, in Turkey. When I arrived there I found a children team as well as a teenager team (HSSK-Istanbul), having the desire to learn more in order to have the best results and to obtain the performance.
Still having the idea to promote my concept I began by adding, in the weekly training, those contests after that there was not a scoring.
Gradually the children have become worry. They have fast swum, they have won the contest but to the classification they were under the expectations… the explanation was that “the best” swam with a lot of energy (too much rowing arms) and so they swam in a wrong way.
On the other hand the most patient and careful swimmers tried to stop
their intentions to “the victory”, at any..’ and so they had a better scoring.
Actually these swimmers, having the desire to increase the speed by decreasing the number of rowing arms, used a high technique closer by the technical requirements of the correct swim.
After three working months the swimmers began to obtain more and more good results and from the end of national classification they became the vice-champions of their age group.
The story has ‘happy end’ … When the period of summer-contests has been finished, the club staff proposed the organizing of a similar contest with the participation of all swimmers from Istanbul, coming from about 7-8 swimming clubs, that means 150-200 swimmers. The contest enjoyed and in the same time it has created confusion between a lot of people …. But from many people I was receiving congratulations: from other competitors, from parents, as well as from fans and the most important, from the other trainers.., when the contest has been closed I was acclaimed with loud applause and I was carried on all four parts of the swimming pool ….
In this moment I have really begun to believe in the importance of this evaluation way of the swimmer .
But I also learned that there were also disadvantages. It’s about that, during the series contest, could appeared different swimmer biotypes. The tall swimmer has been in advantage despite the shorter one. That means each swimmer will have an individual way to move.
So, it’ evident that each of us, we have an PERSONAL/individual gliding index (PGI) and the bigger the index the easier the gliding is; so it’s increased the swim speed in better conditions than some other “heavy” swimmers etc.
At this moment the chance was favorable to me.
I found a Romanian technical book on “The designing and building of small ships” by Zgrumala, Bidoaie (1978, see bibliography); this book gave me some aspects that were easy to find also in the swim selection criteria etc.
Usually, the ship builders are using the expression “the length is running” so the tallest are swimming faster …, it is also known that the people having heavy skeleton glide more difficult and so they are loosing a lot of energy, the moving forward is being extremely low….,so we need swimmers with les weight ( according to to hydrodynamic law); in addition, if the “ship” was being long and easy, but it’s not enough she was heaving a big frontal section ..; in this conditions it naturally appears the reference point “Q”, the under armpit circumference in a profound expiration .
In case of ships we can found these reference points Froude-Reynolds formula and I applied them to the “human body” ship.
PGI is now calculated as follows: - from the value represented the total Length (L) of the body in the perfectly horizontal position I take off the sum of two small values = Weight (Kgr) and Toracal Diameter (Q.). The scoring is a constant value and could be the future criterion of equal swimming contests ( fair-play). To the contest is absolutely mandatory that the sum of seconds number and of rowing cycles to be take off from the individual gliding index that means from PGI.
It’s logical as:
‘THE BIOMECHANICAL EFFICIENCY SWIMMING TEST’ (BEST) to be calculated so:
BEST = PGI – [Time + Rowing ]
(** Because, in practice, there is the possibility to meet midline or small PGI value and the sum resulted from adding Time with Rowing to be bigger (especially to the beginners)…, I added, random, to the PGI constant another constant for the value 100 (K) . In this way the swimmers will be not ignored when it is calculated the swim efficiency.
To the end:
BEST = {(k) + PGI} –[ Seconds number + Rowing number ] = …points.
and taking into account the random using of the constant 100 (K) I introduced this constant also in annually PGI estimation, so:
PGI = [L. + (k)] – {Kgr. +Q } … points
The final conclusion:
1/ swim performance, Bio/Hydro-mechanical …, is the Speed and the Energy ( number of rowing ) in time unit or distance (BEST);
2/ each of us we have an individual value to glide (PGI);
3/ BEST is calculated by timing and numbering of rowing;
4/ PGI is annually measured and it has a constant value;
5/ the series contest will be organized with swimmers having closer PGI value despite age and gender
6/ the contests/ classification will be individual or relay race for the four procedures ( according FINA rules);
7/ the contest distance will be 50 m (preferable one swimming pool length. It could also be organized contest on longer distance, but they will be less spectacular ( it is recommended 200m/100 individual-medley);
8/ All starts will take place in water; there is an interdiction to swim underwater more than the flags flat to 5,o m (!);
9/ The numbering arbiters of rowing cycles will be placed in different locations ; They should indicate the rowing cycles by raising the scoring plate just to the general arbiter signal;
10/ the BEST calculation is done to the Secretariat taking into consideration The Contest Form that includes PGI (annually constant value), The Swim Timing, Rowing Number (moment values ) + the swimmer name etc.
Remarks:
The contests taking place in BEST system can not replace the standard contests, has promoted by FINA since 1908. These could be useful to the training of young children and also for the adults (they are small chance to work hard and long time to perform high performance and they will be frustrate in their lowly-hobby = swimming) etc.
In these conditions my proposal is to create a brainstorming that will allow the adoption/ bringing in FINA handbook of these contests. Masters Events with the proper name BEST Master Events...???
I am sure that I have logically thought in order to make it open to the public, to make it understanding and to convince more other coaches to try more and more the swimming contest and so they will understand that “ the true Graal’ is the relation between Speed and Rowing.
And so, we can say that the perfection does exist!
Prof. Mircea Olaru, Bucharest, Romania 2008
Definiţii BEST, Les Definitions du BEST, The BEST Definitions, Der BEST – Definitionen
!/. Tehnica corecta inseamna eficienta de miscare in apa… “testarea eficientei biomecanice la inot”(best) se calculeaza astfel: adun ‘timpul’(‘t’) cu ‘vaslirile’(‘v’) suma lor o scad dintr-o valoare constanta (‘k’)(aleasa aleator = ‘100’) + indicele personal de alunecare (ipa). adica - { 100+ipa } – { timp + vasliri } = ...... p.best
1. La tehnique corecte de la nage implique l’efficience du mouvement dans l’eau.
’’Tester l’efficience / l’efficacite biomecanique dans l’eau’’ [ The Biomechanical Efficiency Swimming Test – B.E.S.T. ....] ce calcule comme suit:
- aditioner le temps (’T’) au les mouvement (par 50m) (’M’), la somme se deduit d’une valeur constante (’K’)[choisie aleatoire, par ex. = 100 point] + l’Indice Personel de Glisse (I.P.G.) c’este a dire, la formule:
[100 + IPG ] – [ ’T’ + ’M’] = ...
offre le meilleur resultat, (points BEST).
1/The corect swim-technique means the efficiency of the movements in the water; it can be calculated by this way: add the number of the seconds and the number of the stroke-cicles (by 50m) and this sume will be extracted from the other constant sume provided from adition of the one constant value (K) (100) plus the Index of the personal Gliding (IPG)
!/. *Die korrekte Technik setzt eine effiziente Fortbewegung im Wasser voraus...”Testen der biomechanischen Effizienz beim Schwimmen” (best)
Diese wird wie folgt berechnet: wir addieren die zwei Werte (Zeit und Züge); die Summe wird aus einer Konstante „k” abgezogen ( „k” wird per Zufall ausgewählt = „100”) + persönlicher Gleitindex (pgi). D.h. – { 100+pgi } – { Zeit + Züge } =....... p.best
2/ Obiectivitatea conceptului si a formulei ‘b.e.s.t.’ rezida din urmatoarea logica: ‘adun doua marimi, (timpul / ’t’ + vaslirile / ’v’) care au sens descrescator, - dupa care, le scad din constanta {‘100’ + ‘ipa’} si obtin (facil + repede / mental way ...) valoarea prestatiei in apa’
2. La logique du BEST et son objectivite:
J’additionne deux valeurs, deux quantites , le temps T. et le mouvement M. (des cicles de bras – pour Libre et pour le Dos 2 bras alternative, pour Brasse et pour Papillon une cicle concomitente, seulmant), les valeur qui ont un sens (desirable...!) decroissants et apres je deduis de la valeur constante (anterieur calcule) [ ’100 + IPG’] et j’obtiens (tres facile et vite / by mental way...) la valeur de la prestation dans l’eau.
2/The objectivity of the ‘best formula’ results from this new exercise of logic: ‘we add two value (time+stroke), this values have their sense descendent (!)…, and, after we substrate this sum from one constant value (accidentally (k) = 100 + ipg points)’.
in this mod we can obtain (very easy, by mental way) the supreme value of the swimming efficiency.
2/ Die Objektivität des Konzeptes und der Formel „b.e.s.t.” baut auf die folgende Logik auf: „ wir addieren zwei Gröβen, (Zeit + Züge), die einen absteigenden Sinn verzeichnen. Diese werden nachher von der Konstante { „100” + „pgi”} abgezogen. Das Ergebnis (einfach + schnell / mental way...) stellt den Wert der Leistung im Wasser dar.
3/“indicele personal de alunecare” (i.p.a. / este ca un kard-annual) ‘L.’ + (k) – (kgr. + Q), in care - ‘L.’ = lungimea maxima a corpului / pluta ‚(k)’= o constantă cu valoare 100 puncte ‘Kgr.’ = greutatea in kilograme / + ‘Q.’ = diametrul/cm. subaxilar in expiratie profunda – the “index of personal gliding “ (i.p.g.)
3. L’indice de la Glisse dans l’eau (IPG) este une valeur constante, comme un card banquare, qui le calcule annuellement:
’L.’ + (encore une ’K’ de 100 points, aleatoire...!) la somme se deduit d’une autre somme resulte par addition de ’Kgr.’ + ’Q.’, c’est a dire:
[ L. + (K) ] – [ Kgr. + Q ] =
la valeur anuelle plus constante de IPG en points....
’L.’ – longuer maximale du corp entierre
(la possision fondamentale de nage - planche de flotation du corp sur le ventre ou sur le dos verrifie sur terrre);
(k) – une ciffre constante, aleatoire, d’une valeur de 100 points;
’Kgr.’ - Kilogrames du corp, sur terre;
’Q.’ – le diametre en cm. de la cage thoracique en expir profonde, et le resultat de cette formule que l’on nomme – Indice Personel de Glisse (IPG) dans l’eau, avec ses point et d’une valeur constante, annuelle.
3/The index personal of gliding (ipg) is lake a ‘credit card’ (the validity is minimum one year): with this ipg we can organize the series of the race in perfect ‘faire-play’ (indifferent of the sex or age) the competitors with same or appropriate values will be introduce in the same series …the periodical calcul of this ipg formula is found with regarding to the hydrodynamics principle (reynolds+froude),
so: ‘’from the value of the maximum longer of the body (ventral float position)(L.) / in additions with another accidentally value constant (k=100), we will substrate the sum of the nr. of kgr. (weight) with the Q. (nr. of cm. of the circumference of the upper thorax in deep expiration). ‘L.’+(k) – ( ‘kgr.’ + ‘q.’)
3/ „Der persönliche Gleitindex” (p.g.i./ ist wie eine Kreditkarte, die 1 Jahr gültig ist (kard-annual)). „L” = die maximale Körperlänge / ventral float position; „k” = eine Konstante mit dem Wert von 100 Punkten; „kgr” = das Gewicht in Kilogramm / + „Q” = Durchmesser/cm des oberen Brustkorbabschnittes bei tiefer Ausatmung
4/ aplicabilitatea ‘annual kard-(ului)’(ipg – index of personal gliding ), indiferent de sex si chiar de varsta subiectilor…, este data de faptul ca criteriile alese, pentru folosirea sa ca instrument de departajare / organizare a intrecerilor de inot sportiv , sunt cele induse in selectia naturala:
# cu cat un corp este mai lung (l.),
# cu cat un corp este mai usor, (gr.)
# cu cat un corp este mai ingust (q.)
cu atat mai eficient pluteste, aluneca sau inainteaza !
4. L’application (calculation) annuelle du kard IPG –non peliee du sex, genne, et de l’age du suject (!), sont donnes comme une unique critere pour departager / organiser les eventuellle competitions (des series avec une real ’fraire-play’) de concurs de ’excelence tehnique de nage’ par 50m, car ce sont les criteres induits par la selection naturelle:
- plus que le corp est long .....
- plus que le corp est leger....
- plus que le corp est etroit ....
cet corp peut glisse et avance plus bien, plus efficace !
4/The valability of the index personal of gliding (ipg) results from that – all criteria selected to make the series for the challenge was selected from the normal natural selection:
when the longer of the body is big…
when the weight of the body is light...
when the frontal section of the body is small
the float, the gliding and the swimming speed will be more efficiency to advance better with one correct technique !
4/ Die Gültigkeit des „kard-annual” (pgi – persönlicher Gleitindex), unabhängig von Geschlecht oder Alter der Angewiesenen..., ist darauf zurückzuführen: die Kriterien, die ausgewählt wurden, um zu bestimmen, inwiefern die „annual kard” als Instrument zur Unterscheidung von Leistungen oder Veranstaltung von Schwimm-Wettkämpfen verwendet werden kann, gehen auf die natürliche Auswahl zurück:
je länger ein Körper ist (l.),
je leichter ein Körper ist (kgr),
je schmaler ein Körper ist (q.),
desto effizienter wird er schwimmen, gleiten oder sich im Wasser fortbewegen.
****** Numararea ciclurilor de vaslire se poate face in mod liber (vizual) sau cu un ‘counter’ mecanic / electronic (?!) care sa simplifice contabilizarea mentala si deci a unor eventuale erori (variante).
Bibliografie selectiva:
1/M. Sgrumala, I. Bidoaie –
‘Proiectarea navelor mici, Ed. Tehnica, Buc. 1978, p.17,
2/M.Olaru –
INOT – manual metodic, Ed. Sport-Turism, 1982, p.184,
3/M.Olaru –
Rev E.F.S. nr 3/1983 p.49 "Testarea eficientei biomecanice la inot'.
4/M.Olaru –
Rev E.F.S. nr. 2/1987, p.27 'Ierarhizarea numerica a prestatiilor inotatorilor'.
5/M.Olaru –
'Să nu ne temen de apă', Ed. Sport-Turism, 1988, p.90, sport-book
6/M.Olaru –
Note de curs-inot, Univ. Ecologica Buc., Ed. Universitara, 1991, p. 123
7/M.Olaru –
Afise editate de FRN & Canada Swimming Natation,1995, color, 4000 ex.
8/E.Hines –
'Fitness Swimming', Human Kinetics, p.27, ('Swimming Golf'), 1995.
9/D. Hannula-
“ Coaching Swimming succesfully’’, p.78 ( Minimum-Nr-.swims),1995
10 / M.Olaru –
Rev.'Stiinta Sportului', ed CCPS, nov 1999, Referat - ‘Un nou concept in pregatirea inotatoriilor'.
11 / ”Despre inot… cu Mircea Olaru’’- mica enciclopedie sportiva . Ed. SSE, 2007
12 / Mircea Olaru
”Testarea eficientei Biomecanice la Inot’’, (BEST)- sesiunea FEFS USH 2008
Romanyan language:
Nevoia de a testa eficienta miscarilor inotatorului a pornit de la framantarile antrenorilor nostri de a gasi calea metodica cea mai indicata pentru formarea tinerilor inotatori, framantari care au pornit de la urmatoarele fapte de necontestat:
1. aparitia spectaculoasa a‚’’copiilor minune’’ datorita specularii conceptului de ’’specializare timpurie’’, fortarea pregatirii mai ales la inot.
2. aplicarea unei selectii strict legate de performanta de facto, fara a lua in consideratie viitoarele modificari ale echilibrului bio-motric-functional.
3. respingerea de timpuriu din aria de selectie a altor copii, piederi masive de noi elemente.
4. abaterea de la prognozarea performantelor a ’’copiilor minune’’ in momentul devenirii lor adulte, abateri finale negative –’’copiii minune’’ nu au confirmat !
Evident, intre anii 1970-80 s-a lucrat in ’’paguba’’ iar unii dintre antrenori au cerut chiar, capregatirea copiilor sa fie incununata de concursuri de ’’frumusete’’ la inot.
Ajuns in functia de antrenor federal am inceput sa reorientez continutul metodic al pregatirii copiilor: doream o masa mai mare de copii interesati de inotul sportiv, doream ca acestia sa inoate cat mai corect, doream toate aceste fara a-i forta; treptat s-a conturat acest nou concept.
Ca orice lucru nou, el nu a fost acceptat (nu este acceptat nici acum...) de cei mai multi antrenori iar cei care il sprijineau o faceau din motive subiective, din simpatie fara a sti ca aplicarea noului cerea unu nivel adecvat de profesionalism si mai ales de o munca migaloasa speciala
Fata de concursurile de frumusete propuse, la un moment dat, de antrenori, eu am cautat date obiective, matamatice; in constiinta orisicui cronometrul reprezinta sursa de informatii de necontestat; dar performanta are in spatele ei si alte elemente: tempoul, tehnica si functiunea organismului, s.a.m.d.
Cel mai usor de controlat este tempoul, adica numarul de miscari pe unitate de spatiu sau de timp. Cu aceste 2 elemente (cronometrul si tempoul) se putea face aprecieri mai ample, deoarecere nu toti castiga adoptand un tempo navalnic (+obositor) iar cei cu tempo mai moderat cand au castigat intotdeauna au facut-o cu o tehnica impecabila. De aici si eficienta lor !
Tempo scazut / viteza marita – iata ce ne trebuie la un sportiv in devenire
In aceste conditii a aparut un nou concept, devenit treptat mai amplu (aplicabil nu numai la incepatori ci si la alte categorii, mai ales la veteranii ’’Masters’’) iar pentru ca acronimul in engleza a titlului era BEST .... am adoptat numele ‚ Conceptul BEST (Biomechanical Efficinecy Swimming Test)
Iata cateva ’pase’ din acest nou concept, ele sunt traduse in franceza, engleza si germana, aviz amatorilor .... :
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